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What is cabotage?

Cabotage refers to the transportation of goods between two places within the same country, by a company from another country. Under EU…

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What is ‘rule of law conditionality’?

In December 2020, an EU regulation on ‘a general regime of conditionality for the EU budget’ was passed. The resulting ‘rule of…

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What is a vaccine passport?

The term ‘vaccine passport’ refers to a system whereby an individual needs to show proof of their Covid-19 vaccination status (or alternatively…

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How long does a pet passport last, and how much does it cost?

Pet passports issued in Great Britain are no longer valid for travel to the EU or Northern Ireland. Instead, those travelling from…

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Can I still work in the EU after Brexit?

UK citizens can still work in the EU following the end of the transition period on 31 December 2020, but they do…

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What is the Article 7 process?

The Article 7 process of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) can be activated by the EU when a member state breaches…

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What is AUKUS?

AUKUS is a trilateral security partnership between the USA, UK and Australia to provide Australia with nuclear-powered submarines in the Indo-Pacific region….

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What is Strategic Autonomy?

Strategic Autonomy is a policy objective of the EU – put simply, the capacity to act independently. It started out as a…

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Which countries have nuclear warheads?

Nine countries have nuclear warheads: the USA, Russia, the UK, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea. These states possess a…

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Who is Liz Truss?

Liz Truss was appointed as Foreign Secretary in September 2021. She is the second woman to be in the role, after Margaret…

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What is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a UN body whose objective is to provide governments with the scientific information they…

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What is Fit for 55?

‘Fit for 55’ is the name for a package of EU policy measures which are designed to ensure the EU reaches its…

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